fitnessblog

Article by Dr Manasa S, B.A.M.S

Our bodies follow a natural rhythm, dictating when we feel awake, when we feel tired, and even how our organs function throughout the day. This internal biological clock—known as the circadian rhythm—is influenced by light, sleep patterns, hormones, meals, and temperature, shaping our overall health and well-being.

The word circadian comes from the Latin words “circa” (meaning “around”) and “diem” (meaning “day”), translating to “about a day.” This aptly describes how the circadian rhythm operates on a 24-hour cycle, aligning with the rising and setting of the sun to regulate sleep, metabolism, and energy levels.

Circadian rhythms are one of the four biological rhythms that regulate essential body functions. These rhythms guide our sleep-wake cycle, metabolism, digestion, body temperature, and hormone release. They are found not only in humans but in almost all living organisms, including animals, plants, and even some microbes.

How Do Circadian Rhythms Work?

Your body operates on an internal 24-hour cycle, orchestrating various biological functions such as sleep, metabolism, and hormone release. This cycle, known as the circadian rhythm, is controlled by a master clock in the brain that responds to environmental cues, primarily light and darkness.

The Master Clock: The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

At the core of your circadian rhythm lies the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a small cluster of nerve cells located in the hypothalamus. The SCN serves as the body’s central timekeeper, synchronizing physiological and behavioral processes throughout the day.

How the SCN Regulates Your Rhythm

1. Light Perception:

Special photoreceptor cells in the retina detect changes in light exposure.

These cells send signals to the SCN, informing it whether it is daytime or nighttime.

2. Hormonal Adjustments:

Based on light exposure, the SCN signals the release or suppression of certain hormones to regulate sleep and wakefulness.

For example, in bright light (morning), it suppresses melatonin and increases cortisol, making you more alert.

In darkness (evening), it boosts melatonin production, preparing your body for sleep.

3. Body Temperature and Metabolism:

The SCN regulates body temperature, keeping it higher during the day for alertness and lowering it at night to facilitate sleep.

It also influences digestion and metabolism, adjusting energy use according to your daily activities.

Beyond Light: Other Factors That Influence Circadian Rhythms

While light exposure is the most powerful regulator, several other factors can also influence the circadian cycle, including:

–        Food Intake and Metabolism: Eating at irregular hours can shift circadian timing, affecting digestion and weight management.

–        Physical Activity: Exercise can impact melatonin levels and help regulate sleep-wake cycles.

–        Stress Levels: Chronic stress disrupts cortisol rhythms, leading to sleep disturbances.

–        Social Environment: Daily routines, work schedules, and social interactions can influence circadian stability.

–        Temperature: Cooler temperatures signal the body to sleep, while warmth promotes alertness.

–        Age: Circadian rhythms change with age, leading to differences in sleep patterns between children, adults, and the elderly.

Hormonal Influence on Circadian Rhythms

Several hormones play a crucial role in maintaining circadian balance:

–        Melatonin: The “sleep hormone,” increases at night to promote drowsiness.

–        Cortisol: The “wakefulness hormone,” peaks in the morning to enhance alertness.

–        Vasopressin: Helps regulate body temperature and hydration.

–        Acetylcholine: A neurotransmitter that affects attention and wakefulness.

–        Insulin: Influences glucose metabolism and energy regulation.

–        Leptin: Signals satiety and controls appetite in alignment with circadian cycles.

Ayurveda thoughts on Circadian Rhythm

Looking at Circadian Rhythm and the way it operates, and the physiological, hormonal, lifestyle and pathological perspectives related to its explanation we can infer that the circadian rhythm is hypothetically connected to the below mentioned aspects explained in Ayurveda –

NIDRA – the concept of sleep wherein Ayurveda has in simple words explained the beneficial and harmful impact of nidra on health and life.

–        Beneficial impacts include – sukha (pleasure, happiness, balance), pushti (nourishment, growth), bala (strength, immunity, endurance), vrushata (potency, virility, sexual vigour), jnana (intelligence, knowledge, wisdom) and jivitam (longevity).

–        Harmful impacts of Nidra are opposite of the above mentioned. They are – dukha (displeasure, grief, stress, worry, sadness), karshya (emaciation, wasting, tissue damage), abala (weakness, fatigue, loss of immunity and strength), klibata (impotency, sterility, loss of libido), ajnanam (idiocy, failure of knowledge and wisdom, blasphemy) and maranam (death).

Nidra is explained as a natural process when the body-mind humors and factors are individually and mutually balanced. It is also explained as a pathological process when body-mind things are imbalanced.

Balance of Upastambhas – Nidra is one of the UPASTAMBHAS i.e. supporting pillars of our health, the other two being ahara (food) and brahmacharya (celibacy, organized way of living in sync with principles of creation). Balance of all these three pillars is also important for the circadian rhythm to keep going in a healthy way, throughout our life.

Jagarana and Diwaswapna – Excessively keeping awake at night times and excessively sleeping during day time, according to Ayurveda, are severely injurious to health and can cause dysrhythms in the circadian rhythm.

Balance of Doshas – Balance of doshas is the key for good health and good sleep, especially the dosha subtypes in the head i.e. prana vayu, sadhaka pitta, alochaka pitta and tarpaka kapha. The other subtypes are also involved in disturbing the circadian rhythm when imbalanced. Example – Imbalance of Samana Vayu, Pachaka Pitta and Kledaka Kapha would cause digestive upsets leading to digestive disorders which would definitely influence the circadian rhythm in a negative way. Imbalance of Apana Vayu will cause disturbance in the normal physiology of defecation, urination, menstruation and ejaculation which will have a negative impact on circadian rhythm.

Vata imbalance – Vata is the main pioneer of all the functions in the body. Its balance is also vital for the balance of the other two doshas i.e. pitta and kapha. The hormonal imbalances can be correlated to Vata imbalance. One of the impacts of this would be circadian rhythm dysrhythm.

Prasanna Atma, Indriya Manas – The pleasantness of soul, senses and mind is one of the important parameters for comprehensive health. Imbalance in these entities would definitely have a negative impact on circadian rhythm.

Related Reading – Ayurveda Understanding of Circadian Rhythm, Pineal Gland and Functions and Dysfunctions of Melatonin

Why Circadian Rhythms Matter

A well-functioning circadian rhythm ensures:
– Better sleep quality
– Higher energy levels
– Improved cognitive function
– Balanced metabolism
– Stronger immunity

Disruptions in circadian rhythms—due to poor sleep habits, shift work, or travel—can lead to fatigue, metabolic imbalances, and long-term health risks. Maintaining a consistent routine, managing light exposure, and practicing good sleep hygiene can help keep your circadian rhythm in sync for optimal well-being.

Circadian Rhythm in Babies

Newborns do not have a developed circadian rhythm, leading to erratic sleep patterns in their early days, weeks, and months. As they adapt to their environment, their biological clock gradually matures. Around 3 months of age, babies begin producing melatonin, a sleep-inducing hormone, while cortisol, which regulates alertness, starts developing between 2 to 9 months. Once their circadian rhythm stabilizes, toddlers and children establish a regular sleep schedule, needing around 9 to 12 hours of sleep per night.

Circadian Rhythm in Teens

Teenagers experience a natural shift in their circadian rhythm called sleep phase delay. Unlike younger children, whose bedtimes may be around 8 or 9 p.m., teens don’t feel sleepy until much later—often close to midnight. This is due to a delayed release of melatonin, which causes them to sleep and wake up later. Despite this shift, teenagers still require nearly as much sleep as children, making it essential for them to maintain a healthy sleep routine.

Circadian Rhythm in Adults

A well-regulated circadian rhythm in adults depends on consistent sleep habits. If they follow a stable schedule and aim for 7 to 9 hours of sleep, their sleep-wake cycle remains steady. Most adults feel sleepy before midnight as melatonin is released into the body. They also experience a post-lunch energy dip between 2 to 4 p.m., leading to temporary drowsiness.

Circadian Rhythm in Older Adults

As people age, their circadian rhythm naturally shifts. Older adults may find themselves going to bed earlier and waking up before dawn—a common change in sleep patterns with aging. This shift is typically not a disorder but a natural adaptation of the body’s internal clock over time.

The Crucial Role of Circadian Rhythms in Your Body

Your body operates on a natural 24-hour cycle known as the circadian rhythm, which regulates essential biological functions beyond just sleep. From metabolism to immune defence, a well-balanced circadian rhythm ensures optimal health, while disruptions can lead to widespread issues affecting physical and mental well-being.

How Circadian Rhythms Influence Your Health

Circadian rhythms impact nearly every system in your body, coordinating key physiological processes that maintain balance and efficiency.

1. Hormonal Balance and Secretion

Your body releases hormones based on circadian rhythms to regulate sleep, stress, metabolism, and energy levels.
– Melatonin: Peaks at night to induce sleep.
– Cortisol: Rises in the morning to promote wakefulness.
  Insulin: Helps regulate blood sugar throughout the day.

2. Alertness and Cognitive Function

Your internal clock determines when you feel sharp and when you experience mental fog.
– Morning light exposure boosts focus and reaction times.
– Disruptions can lead to brain fog, sluggish thinking, and poor decision-making.

3. Digestion and Metabolism

Your digestive system follows a daily rhythm, affecting how efficiently your body processes food.
– Optimal digestion occurs during the day when metabolism is most active.
– Eating late at night can disrupt digestion, leading to weight gain and acid reflux.

4. Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Health

Your blood pressure fluctuates naturally throughout the day in response to your circadian rhythm.
– Lowest during sleep, allowing the heart to rest.
– Highest in the morning, preparing the body for daily activity.
– Circadian misalignment (e.g., night shifts, irregular sleep) can increase heart disease risk.

5. Immune System Function

Your body’s ability to fight infections and repair tissues follows a circadian pattern.
– Nighttime cell repair helps heal injuries and strengthen immunity.
– Disruptions can weaken immune responses, making you more vulnerable to illness.

6. Body Temperature Regulation

Your core body temperature fluctuates based on the time of day, affecting sleep quality and performance.
– Cooler at night to support deep sleep.
– Warmer during the day to enhance alertness and physical function.

7. Musculoskeletal Health and Recovery

Circadian rhythms influence muscle growth, joint health, and tissue repair.
– Peak physical strength and coordination occur in the afternoon.
– Muscle repair happens during deep sleep, essential for recovery after exercise.

Symptoms of a Disrupted Circadian Rhythm

When your circadian rhythm is off balance, your body struggles to regulate these vital functions, leading to noticeable health issues.

1. Sleep Disturbances

– Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
– Feeling groggy despite a full night’s sleep.

2. Daytime Fatigue and Reduced Alertness

– Excessive daytime sleepiness.
– Struggling to concentrate or remember things.

3. Physical and Mental Exhaustion

– Lethargy, lack of motivation.
– General aches, pains, and digestive issues.

4. Impaired Judgment and Mood Swings

– Increased risk-taking behaviors.
– Mood instability, irritability, and stress.

Factors That Influence Your Circadian Rhythm

Your circadian rhythm is your body’s internal clock that regulates sleep, metabolism, hormone production, and overall well-being. While light and darkness play the most significant role in maintaining a stable rhythm, several other factors can disrupt or influence it. Understanding these influences can help you make better lifestyle choices to support a healthy sleep-wake cycle.

1. Light Exposure: The Primary Regulator

Light exposure is the strongest signal for your circadian rhythm, helping regulate wakefulness and sleep.
– Natural Light: Morning sunlight helps reset your internal clock and promotes alertness.
– Artificial Light: Blue light from screens (phones, tablets, and computers) suppresses melatonin, making it harder to fall asleep.
– Darkness: A dark environment signals your brain to release melatonin, which induces sleep.

2. Food Intake: Timing and Nutrition Matter

What and when you eat can influence your circadian rhythm, particularly your metabolism and energy levels.
– Late-night eating: Consuming heavy meals close to bedtime can disrupt sleep.
– Irregular meal times: Skipping meals or eating at inconsistent times can affect metabolic processes linked to the circadian clock.
– Caffeine and sugar: Stimulants like coffee and sugary foods can interfere with melatonin production, delaying sleep onset.

3. Stress and Emotional Well-Being

High stress levels trigger the release of cortisol, which can throw off your sleep cycle.
– Chronic stress: Leads to sleep disturbances, anxiety, and difficulty falling or staying asleep.
– Emotional turmoil: Mental health conditions like anxiety and depression are closely linked to circadian rhythm imbalances.
– Relaxation techniques: Meditation, deep breathing, and mindfulness can help regulate stress and improve sleep quality.

4. Physical Activity and Exercise

Exercise plays a crucial role in maintaining a stable circadian rhythm, but timing matters.
– Morning workouts: Boost alertness and energy levels by reinforcing wakefulness.
– Evening exercise: Intense workouts close to bedtime may increase body temperature and delay sleep onset.
– Regular activity: Staying active throughout the day promotes better sleep quality and overall health.

5. Temperature and Environmental Factors

Your body’s internal clock is sensitive to temperature changes, which can impact sleep patterns.
– Cooler temperatures at night: Help signal your body to prepare for sleep.
– Overheated environments: Can make falling and staying asleep difficult.
– Proper ventilation: Ensuring a well-ventilated, comfortable sleeping space supports better rest.

6. Work Schedules and Shift Work

Unconventional work hours, especially night shifts, can significantly disrupt circadian rhythms.
– Night shifts: Cause a misalignment between natural light exposure and sleep-wake cycles.
– Rotating shifts: Frequent changes in work hours prevent your body from establishing a stable rhythm.
– Countermeasures: Using blackout curtains, avoiding caffeine before bed, and maintaining a strict sleep schedule can help mitigate the effects.

7. Travel and Time Zone Changes

Frequent travel, especially across multiple time zones, can cause jet lag, which temporarily disrupts your circadian rhythm.
– Eastward travel: More challenging because the body has to adjust to an earlier schedule.
– Westward travel: Slightly easier as it allows for a longer day.
– Adjustment strategies: Gradually shifting sleep schedules before traveling and exposing yourself to daylight upon arrival can help reset your internal clock.

8. Medications and Health Conditions

Certain medications and health issues, particularly those involving the brain and nervous system, can affect circadian rhythms.
– Medications: Some antidepressants, steroids, and stimulants alter sleep patterns.
– Neurological conditions: Disorders like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and migraines can cause sleep disturbances.
– Hormonal imbalances: Disruptions in melatonin, cortisol, and other hormones can interfere with sleep regulation.

9. Poor Sleep Habits and Lifestyle Choices

Unhealthy sleep practices are a major cause of circadian rhythm disruptions.
– Inconsistent bedtimes: Going to sleep and waking up at different times every day confuses the body’s clock.
– Excessive screen time before bed: Suppresses melatonin production.
– Lack of bedtime routine: Having no wind-down period before bed can make it harder to fall asleep.

Understanding Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders

Your body’s circadian rhythm is an internal clock that regulates your sleep-wake cycle over a 24-hour period. When this rhythm is disrupted, it can lead to circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSDs)—conditions that make it difficult to sleep at the right times, affecting overall health, mood, and productivity.

What Are Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders?

Circadian rhythm sleep disorders occur when your body’s internal clock is misaligned with your environment or daily schedule. These disorders can result from genetics, lifestyle habits, medical conditions, or external factors such as light exposure and work schedules.

Common Types of Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders

1. Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder (DSWPD) – The Night Owl Syndrome

– What happens? Your natural sleep cycle is delayed by two or more hours, making it difficult to fall asleep early and wake up at a conventional time.
– Who is affected? More common in teenagers and young adults.
– Effects: Difficulty waking up for school or work, excessive daytime sleepiness, and reliance on stimulants like caffeine.

2. Advanced Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder (ASWPD) – The Early Bird Syndrome

-What happens? People with ASWPD fall asleep several hours earlier than usual (e.g., at 6–8 PM) and wake up very early (e.g., 3–5 AM).
– Who is affected? Typically seen in older adults.
– Effects: Social isolation, difficulty staying awake for evening activities, and early-morning grogginess.

3. Irregular Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder (ISWPD) – No Predictable Sleep Pattern

– What happens? There’s no consistent sleep schedule—sleep occurs in fragmented periods throughout the day and night.
– Who is affected? More common in individuals with neurological conditions (e.g., Alzheimer’s, brain injuries).
– Effects: Chronic sleep deprivation, cognitive impairment, and extreme fatigue.

4. Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder (N24SWD) – Body Clock Out of Sync

– What happens? The sleep-wake cycle shifts forward every day, making it difficult to maintain a 24-hour schedule.
-Who is affected? Primarily blind individuals, as their bodies lack the ability to regulate sleep with light exposure.
– Effects: Irregular sleeping hours, difficulty maintaining daily routines, and chronic sleep disturbances.

5. Shift Work Disorder (SWD) – Struggling with Unpredictable Work Hours

-What happens? People working night shifts, rotating shifts, or early morning jobs struggle with sleep-wake balance.
– Who is affected? Healthcare workers, emergency responders, factory workers, and other shift employees.
– Effects: Increased fatigue, mood swings, and long-term health risks like heart disease and metabolic disorders.

6. Jet Lag Disorder – Travel-Related Sleep Disruption

– What happens? Traveling across multiple time zones quickly confuses your body clock, causing sleep issues.
– Who is affected? Frequent travellers, pilots, and flight attendants.
– Effects: Fatigue, difficulty concentrating, digestive problems, and mood disturbances.

Ways to Reset Your Circadian Rhythm

1. Prioritize Natural Light Exposure

Sunlight is a powerful regulator of the circadian rhythm, helping synchronize your internal clock with the natural day-night cycle.
– Spend at least 30 minutes outdoors in the morning, preferably within the first hour after waking.
– Open curtains and let in natural light during the day.
– Consider using a light therapy box if you have limited sun exposure, especially during winter months.

2. Maintain a Fixed Sleep Schedule

Irregular sleep patterns confuse your internal clock and lead to poor sleep quality.
– Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day—even on weekends.
– Avoid drastic shifts in your bedtime; if adjusting, do so gradually (by 15–30 minutes per night).
– Create a relaxing pre-bedtime routine (e.g., reading, light stretching, or meditation).

3. Limit Artificial Light at Night

Exposure to artificial light, especially blue light from screens, suppresses melatonin—the hormone responsible for sleep.
– Reduce screen time at least 60–90 minutes before bed.
  – Use blue light filters or night mode on devices if you must use them.
– Opt for warm, dim lighting in the evening to signal to your body that it’s time to wind down.

4. Engage in Regular Physical Activity

Exercise not only boosts overall health but also supports a stable sleep-wake cycle.
– Engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise (e.g., walking, yoga, swimming) most days.
– Aim to complete intense workouts at least three hours before bedtime to avoid overstimulation.
– Activities like stretching or light yoga in the evening can promote relaxation and better sleep.

5. Create an Optimal Sleep Environment

Your sleeping environment plays a crucial role in how well you rest.
  Keep your bedroom cool (around 18–22°C), dark, and quiet.
– Use blackout curtains, earplugs, or a white noise machine if necessary.
– Ensure your mattress and pillows provide proper support and comfort.

6. Be Mindful of Food and Drink Choices

What you consume can significantly impact your sleep and circadian rhythm.
– Avoid caffeine and nicotine at least six hours before bedtime.
– Limit alcohol intake, as it disrupts sleep quality even if it makes you drowsy.
– Avoid heavy meals late at night; opt for light, protein-rich snacks if you feel hungry before bed.

7. Avoid Late-Night Naps

Short naps can be beneficial, but poorly timed naps can throw off your circadian rhythm.
– Keep naps under 30 minutes to prevent grogginess.
– Nap earlier in the afternoon (before 3 PM) if needed, but avoid napping in the evening.
– If you struggle with nighttime sleep, try eliminating naps altogether.

Simple solutions to correct the disturbed circadian rhythm

Quick Guide: Light Therapy & Sleep Aids

Light Therapy

Goal: Adjust melatonin levels for better sleep.

How to Use:

–        Morning: Helps shift sleep earlier.

–        Late Afternoon/Evening: Helps shift sleep later.

Melatonin & Sleep Aids

Melatonin Supplements:

–        May help with jet lag & sleep disorders.

–        Short-term use is generally safe, but long-term effects are unclear.

–        Can cause side effects & interact with medications.

–        Some brands may not contain the listed dosage.

Prescription Sleep Aids:

–        For Sleep: Benzodiazepines, Ambien (zolpidem).

–        For Alertness: Prodigal (modafinil), Nuvigil (armodafinil).

May have side effects & are not suitable for everyone.

Consult a healthcare provider before use.

Conclusion

Your circadian rhythm is a fundamental part of your body’s internal clock, regulating your sleep-wake cycle, metabolism, hormone production, and overall well-being. While it naturally evolves with age, maintaining healthy sleep habits, regular meal times, and exposure to natural light can help keep it balanced.

Disruptions to your circadian rhythm—whether due to lifestyle choices, work schedules, or underlying health conditions—can lead to sleep disturbances, fatigue, and other health concerns. If you experience persistent sleep difficulties, excessive daytime tiredness, or irregular sleep patterns, consulting a healthcare professional can help you identify underlying causes and restore a healthier sleep cycle. Prioritizing good sleep hygiene and aligning with your natural rhythm is essential for long-term health and vitality.

This breakfast burrito recipe is the perfect grab and go breakfast for your busy mornings. They are made with scrambled eggs, breakfast potatoes, sausage, and cheese for a filling, delicious and nutritious breakfast that can be meal prepped for later or made fresh.

Pro tip: I absolutely love making a double batch of these breakfast burritos so that I have a freezer full of meals when there’s “nothing to eat.” My family and I often eat these breakfast burritos for dinner, they are seriously that good!

What Makes This Breakfast Burrito Recipe Great

• Works for now or later: These burritos taste great immediately upon making them or saved in the freezer for meal prep! I love making a batch and serving a few to the family immediately, and then wrapping up the rest to store in the freezer. It really is a a double win.
• Easy to customize: These breakfast burritos are made with staple ingredients, but can easily be customized to your liking. I often dice up a bell pepper and white onion to add some veggies.
• Filling and flavorful: These breakfast burritos pack 23g of protein per burrito, making them a filling breakfast, snack or even breakfast for dinner!

Key Ingredients

• Tortillas: I love using large or burrito-sized tortillas to really stuff a ton of goodness inside these breakfast burritos. I’ve tested these burritos with both wheat and white flour tortillas and both work great. Corn tortillas are really hard to roll into burritos without ripping, in my opinion, so proceed with caution there. You can also make my 2-ingredient protein tortillas!
• Scrambled eggs: Simple scrambled eggs work great for breakfast burritos because it allows you to have eggs in every bite.
• Ground breakfast sausage: I like to cook my breakfast sausage with a little maple syrup. It adds the perfect amount of sweetness!
• Breakfast potatoes: You’ll cook the breakfast potatoes with a few simple spices and diced onion. These add great savory flavor as well as potassium and fiber to the burritos.
• Cheese: Shredded cheese melts perfectly when you cook or reheat these breakfast burritos. I love the flavor of cheddar jack, but feel free to use any variety of shredded cheese you’d like!

Tips for Best Results

• Warm the tortillas before rolling: For easy wrapping, microwave the tortilla for about 10-15 seconds to make it more pliable before wrapping.
• Freeze them for later! If you’re not planning to eat your burritos right away, no fear! You can easily wrap these guys up with aluminum foil and reheat later. These freezer breakfast burritos have been tested and approved by many. 
• Don’t freeze with sour cream: I don’t recommend freezing these breakfast burritos with sour cream or Greek yogurt inside them. Add those ingredients to the burritos right before serving as the texture can get a bit weird with freezing and thawing. 

Variations to Try

These easy make ahead breakfast burritos have all the simple fixings I love, but go nuts and make ’em your own style! Here are some family favorites I’ve tried: 

• Egg swaps: Swap the eggs with tofu to make a delicious tofu scramble, or use egg whites for a lighter option. 
• Potato swaps: Roasted sweet potatoes would also taste fantastic. It’ll give these burritos a lovely hint of sweetness. You can also use a different type of potato like red potatoes or baby Dutch yellow potatoes. 
• Protein swaps: Feel free to switch up the ground breakfast sausage with sliced Italian sausage, or whatever ground meat you have on hand! We particularly love chorizo with the eggs and potatoes!
• Other additions: Elevate these breakfast burritos with other great add-ons like bacon, bell pepper, hot sauce, black beans, or pico de gallo.

Storage, Freezing & Make-Ahead Tips

If you’re planning on having these delicious breakfast burritos within the week, they can be stored in an airtight container or bag in the fridge for up to 4 days.

If heating from frozen, unwrap and place on a plate and then into the microwave. Use the defrost setting on your microwave for 2 to 3 minutes, flipping every minute. Then microwave on high for 60-90 seconds or until hot.

If heating from thawed, microwave on high for 60 to 90 seconds.

More of My Favorite Breakfast Recipes

Say goodbye to dry, tasteless chicken with these 6 easy chicken marinades that infuse flavor into every bite. Whether you’re grilling for summer cookouts, meal prepping for the week, or looking for a simple weeknight dinner idea, these marinades make chicken anything but bland.

Each recipe comes together in minutes. Simply whisk the ingredients, marinate your chicken, and cook using your favorite method. From bright lemon and zesty fajita to sweet teriyaki and smoky BBQ, there’s a flavor for whatever you’re craving.

These marinades are some of the most popular recipes on Fit Foodie Finds, and once you try them, it’ll be easy to see why!

What Makes a Good Marinade

A great marinade balances fat, acid, seasoning, and salt for tender, flavorful chicken. Each component plays an important role in both flavor and texture:

• Fat: I make my basic chicken marinade with an olive oil base, but avocado oil works, too. Both add richness and lock in moisture without overpowering the other flavors.
• Acid: Lemon and lime add so much brightness to the chicken. Vinegar and balsamic help tenderize the chicken and add overall flavor. If a marinade doesn’t include a citrus fruit or acid-like vinegar, marinate it overnight or for up to 24 hours.
• Seasoning: Herbs, spices, garlic, and aromatics build flavor throughout the chicken. I like fresh basil, chili powder, garlic, onion powder, and Italian seasoning for bold, balanced marinades, but you can have fun with these!
• Salt: Salt enhances flavor and helps the meat retain moisture as it cooks. Ingredients like soy sauce, kosher salt, and Worcestershire sauce all add salty depth.

When combined, these 4 elements create a balanced marinade that infuses the entire cut of chicken, not just the surface.

6 Flavor Options to Try

The best chicken marinades are incredibly easy to customize. Whether you’re craving something smoky, tangy, fresh, or sweet, these 6 flavor-packed options cover all the bases. Each marinade is simple to whisk together and works well for grilling, baking, meal prep, or freezer-friendly dinners.

How to Marinate Chicken

Marinating chicken is incredibly simple. Here are the easy steps:

1. Choose a marinade and whisk all of the ingredients together in a bowl until fully combined.
2. Place the chicken in a suitably-sized container (baking dish, plastic bag, glass container).
3. Pour the marinade over the chicken, making sure to coat each piece evenly.
4. Cover and refrigerate for at least 30 minutes before cooking. (I usually shoot for 2 to 6 hours.) You can leave chicken in its marinade for up to 24 hours for non-acidic marinades.

Once you finish marinating the chicken, there are plenty of delicious ways to cook it, depending on your preference. The most important thing to remember for any method is to cook chicken until the internal temperature reaches 165°F for safe eating.

Using a meat thermometer is the best way to avoid overcooking or undercooking your chicken. It takes the guesswork out of it and helps ensure perfectly juicy results every time. My favorite is the Thermapen from ThermoWorks. It’s fast and accurate!

Try one of these easy cooking methods for marinated chicken:

• Oven: Transfer the chicken and marinade to an oven-safe baking dish. Preheat to 400°F, then bake for 20-30 minutes, depending on thickness. Check out my baked chicken recipes for even more flavor variations.
• Grill: Grill chicken over medium-high heat (around 400°F) for 7-10 minutes per side until fully cooked. Grilled chicken thighs need even less time.
• Air Fryer: Cook large chicken breasts at 390°F for 15 to 18 minutes, flipping halfway through. (Reduce cook time for smaller pieces of chicken, or head to my air fryer chicken guide for more tips.)
• Stovetop: Heat a skillet over medium heat and cook for 5-7 minutes per side, depending on the thickness. Meat thermometers are extra helpful here to avoid drying out the chicken.
• Slow Cooker: Place in the slow cooker and cook on low for 6-8 hours until tender. Use my recipe for shredded slow cooker chicken if you’re making dips, BBQ pulled chicken, or sesame chicken.
• Instant Pot: Cook on high pressure for 8-10 minutes. From frozen, add about 10 minutes. I don’t recommend cooking chicken from frozen unless you use an Instant Pot.
• Sous Vide: Sous-vide marinated chicken for ultra-juicy, evenly cooked results, then sear it quickly before serving, if desired. This method requires about 1.5-2 hours.

Pro Tip: For sheet pan meals, pair marinated chicken with vegetables and bake everything together after preheating the oven for an easy one-pan dinner.

Store marinated chicken in the refrigerator for up to 24 hours before cooking, depending on the marinade ingredients. Store cooked chicken in an airtight container for 3 to 4 days.

Freezing marinated chicken is one of my secret meal-prep tips! Simply place the chicken in a large, gallon-size freezer bag and then add the marinade. Remove as much air as possible and then seal the bag shut. Label and store in the freezer for up to 3 months. 

To thaw, transfer the frozen chicken to the fridge and let it thaw overnight before cooking juicy chicken for an easy dinner.

Quick Tip For Freezing: Don’t worry about marinating the chicken beforehand. Freeze it in the marinade, and it’ll absorb flavors as it thaws!

Can you double or scale chicken marinade recipes for meal prep?

These chicken marinade recipes can easily be doubled or tripled if you’re meal prepping or cooking for a crowd. Just stick with the same ingredient ratios and use a larger bowl or bag to make sure all of the chicken is evenly coated.

What do you marinate chicken in?

You can marinate chicken in any food-safe container large enough to fully coat the meat. Here are some easy options:

• Casserole dish: I love using a simple casserole dish because it makes for easy baking when it’s time to cook!
• Gallon-size plastic bag: If you’re planning to freeze your marinated chicken, you can use a plastic Ziploc bag as the vessel for marinating.
• Glass container or bowl: If you don’t have either of the above, any glass container or bowl will work! 

How much marinade should you use per pound of chicken?

A good rule of thumb is to use about 1/2 cup of marinade per 1-1.5 pounds of chicken. This provides enough liquid to fully coat the chicken and infuse it with flavor.

Can you marinate chicken too long?

Chicken can marinate too long, especially if the marinade contains acidic ingredients like lemon juice or vinegar. In general, chicken should marinate for 30 minutes to 6 hours for the best texture and flavor. If left in an acidic marinade for too long, the chicken can begin to break down.

AIAPGET Points & Questions

–        Acharya Sushruta has described 12 types of Mutraghata. Ref – Su.Ut.58/3-4

–        Treatments advised for Mutrashmari and Mutraja Udavarta should also be administered in the treatment of Mutraghata.

–        Prthakparnyadi Kshirapaka (Vidarigandhadi Kshirapaka) is beneficial in Vata and Pittaja Mutraghata.

–        Ushnavata is a Mutraghata which is caused by Anilavruta Vata.

–        Urine is of Haridra Varna or mixed with blood or only blood is discharged in the Ushnavata type of Mutraghata.

–        Urine resembles GOPITTA in Pittaja Mutraukasada.

–        Urine is described as ‘Shankha Churna Prapanduram’ in Kaphaja Mutraukasada

–        Uttara Basti with Tamrachuda Vasa Taila has been described in the treatment of Mutraghata.

–        Kshaudradi Sarpi recipe described by Sushruta cures all Mutra Doshas (Rogas) which are incurable by other medicines and formulae

For More AIAPGET Points from this chapter and also for content and preparation, please join our SARATHI Program.

The 58th chapter of Uttaratantra of Sushruta Samhita is named as Mūtrāghāta Pratiședha. This chapter deals with Treatment of Retention of Urine.

अथातो मूत्राघातप्रतिषेधमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१||
यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ||२||

We will now expound Muträghāta pratişedha – treatment of Retention of urine (diseases consequent to urinary retention); as revealed by the venerable Dhanvantri.

Roganāma – names of diseases

वातकुण्डलिकाऽष्ठीला वातबस्तिस्तथैव च |
मूत्रातीतः सजठरो मूत्रोत्सङ्गः क्षयस्तथा ||३||
मूत्रग्रन्थिर्मूत्रशुक्रमुष्णवातस्तथैव च |
मूत्रौकसादौ द्वौ चापि रोगा द्वादश कीर्तिताः ||४||

Below mentioned are the twelve diseases (types) which occur consequent to mutraghata – retention of urine –

–        Vātakundalika,

–        Vatāsthīlā,

–        Vātabasti,

–        Mutrātīta,

–        Mūtrajathara,

–        Mūtrotsañga,

–        Mūtrakşaya,

–        Mūtragrañthi,

–        Mūtraśukra,

–        Usnavāta, and

–        Two kinds of Mūtrasāda

Vatakundalika

रौक्ष्याद्वेगविघाताद्वा वायुरन्तरमाश्रितः [१] |
मूत्रं चरति सङ्गृह्य विगुणः कुण्डलीकृतः ||५||
सृजेदल्पाल्पमथवा सरुजस्कं शनैः शनैः |
वातकुण्डलिकां तं तु व्याधिं विद्यात् सुदारुणम् ||६||

Vata gets aggravated due to dryness inside or due to suppression of urge for urination. This aggravated vata begins to move inside the urinary bladder along with the urine in a circular manner. In this condition, the patient eliminates urine in small quantities, often. It is accompanied with pain, slowly. This dreadful disease is called Vatakundalika.

Vātāsthīla

शकृन्मार्गस्य बस्तेश्च वायुरन्तरमाश्रितः |
अष्ठीलावद्धनं ग्रन्थिं करोत्यचलमुन्नतम् ||७||
विण्मूत्रानिलसङ्गश्च तत्राध्मानं च जायते |
वेदना च परा बस्तौ वाताष्ठीलेति तां विदुः ||८||

A hard tumour is produced by aggravated vata localized inside the passage of faeces (rectum) and urinary bladder. The features of this tumour are –

–        it is hard,

–        resembles cobbler’s stone,

–        is immovable and

–        bulged up and

–        gives rise to obstruction of faeces, urine and flatus,

–        has flatulence and severe pain in the urinary bladder

The disease which occurs with the above mentioned features is called Vatasthila.

Vătabasti

वेगं विधारयेद्यस्तु मूत्रस्याकुशलो नरः |
निरुणद्धि मुखं तस्य बस्तेर्बस्तिगतोऽनिलः ||९||
मूत्रसङ्गो भवेत्तेन बस्तिकुक्षिनिपीडितः |
वातबस्तिः स विज्ञेयो व्याधिः कृच्छ्रप्रसाधनः ||१०||

Vata residing in the urinary bladder would get aggravated in foolish persons who suppress the urge for urination.

This aggravated vata blocks the mouth / opening of the urinary bladder. This consequently causes retention of urine inside the urinary bladder and causes pain in the urinary bladder and abdomen. This disease is known as Vatabasti. It is difficult to cure.

Mūtrātīta

वेगं सन्धार्य मूत्रस्य यो भूयः स्रष्टुमिच्छति |
तस्य नाभ्येति यदि वा कथञ्चित्सम्प्रवर्तते ||११||
प्रवाहतो मन्दरुजमल्पमल्पं पुनः पुनः |
मूत्रातीतं तु तं विद्यान्मूत्रवेगविघातजम् ||१२||

When the person who has suppressed the urge for urination for a long time and then desires to eliminate it,

–        the urine does not come out or

–        comes out in little quantity after straining,

–        accompanied with mild pain and

–        the urine comes out in smaller quantities often

The disease presenting with the above mentioned symptoms is called Mutratita and it is produced by suppression of the urge for urination.

Mūtrajathara

मूत्रस्य विहते वेगे तदुदावर्तहेतुना |
अपानः कुपितो वायुरुदरं पूरयेद्भृशम् ||१३||
नाभेरधस्तादाध्मानं जनयेत्तीव्रवेदनम् |
तं मूत्रजठरं विद्यादधःस्रोतोनिरोधनम् ||१४||

Apana Vata gets aggravated by suppression of the urge for urination. This aggravated vata now moves in upward direction and accumulates inside the abdomen in great amounts.

Symptoms –

–        distension below the umbilicus,

–        severe pain and

–        obstruction of lower passages (urethra and rectum)

The disease presenting with the above mentioned symptoms is known as Mutra Jathara.

Mūtrotsañga

बस्तौ वाऽप्यथवा नाले मणौ वा यस्य देहिनः |
मूत्रं प्रवृत्तं सज्जेत सरक्तं वा प्रवाहतः ||१५||
स्रवेच्छनैरल्पमल्पं सरुजं वाऽथ नीरुजम् |
विगुणानिलजो व्याधिः स मूत्रोत्सङ्गसञ्ज्ञितः ||१६||

Mutrotsanga is a disease caused by aggravated vata. Below mentioned are the features of the disease –

–        urine gets obstructed in the urinary bladder, urethral canal or glans penis and

–        it flows out mixed with blood after straining or

–        the urine (mixed with blood) flows out in little quantities frequently (again and again),

–        either associated with pain or without pain

Mūtrakşaya

रूक्षस्य क्लान्तदेहस्य बस्तिस्थौ पित्तमारुतौ |
सदाहवेदनं कृच्छ्रं कुर्यातां मूत्रसङ्क्षयम् ||१७||

Pitta and Vata get aggravated in persons who are dry and fatigued. These aggravated doshas give rise to burning sensation, pain in the urinary bladder and difficulty in micturition. This condition is called Mutraksaya.

Mūtragranthi

अभ्यन्तरे बस्तिमुखे वृत्तोऽल्पः स्थिर एव च |
वेदनावानति सदा मूत्रमार्गनिरोधनः ||१८||
जायते सहसा यस्य ग्रन्थिरश्मरिलक्षणः |
स मूत्रग्रन्थिरित्येवमुच्यते वेदनादिभिः ||१९||

Mutragranthi is a disease which presents with the below mentioned features –

–        a small, round and immovable tumour develops quickly and

–        is accompanied with severe pain and

–        obstruction of urinary passage along with

–        other symptoms of asmari – urinary calculus

Mūtraśukra

प्रत्युपस्थितमूत्रस्तु मैथुनं योऽभिनन्दति |
तस्य मूत्रयुतं रेतः सहसा सम्प्रवर्तते ||२०||
पुरस्ताद्वाऽपि मूत्रस्य पश्चाद्वाऽपि कदाचन |
भस्मोदकप्रतीकाशं मूत्रशुक्रं तदुच्यते ||२१||

Mutrasukra is a disease which occurs in a person who indulges in copulation when there is a pronounced urge for urination. In this condition, the urine comes out mixed with semen, either before or after urination. The urine resembles a solution of ash.

Uşņavāta

व्यायामाध्वातपैः पित्तं बस्तिं प्राप्यानिलावृतम् |
बस्तिं मेढ्रं गुदं चैव प्रदहन् स्रावयेदधः ||२२||
मूत्रं हारिद्रमथवा सरक्तं रक्तमेव वा |
कृच्छ्रात् प्रवर्तते जन्तोरुष्णवातं वदन्ति तम् ||२३||

Causes of Usnavata –

–        excessive indulgence in physical activities,

–        walking for long time or

–        exposure to sunlight for long time

Pathogenesis – Due to the above said causes, pitta would get aggravated and obstructed by vata.

Symptoms –

–        urination is accompanied with burning sensation in the urinary bladder, penis and rectum,

–        colour of urine is yellow,

–        urine is mixed with blood or blood itself comes out in the urine with difficulty

The disease presenting with the above said symptoms is called Usnavata.

Pittaja mutraukasāda

विशदं पीतकं मूत्रं सदाहं बहलं तथा |
शुष्कं भवति यच्चापि रोचनाचूर्णसन्निभम् ||२४||
मूत्रौकसादं तं विद्याद्रोगं पित्तकृतं बुधः |
पिच्छिलं संहतं श्वेतं तथा कृच्छ्रप्रवर्तनम् ||२५||

In Mutraukasada produced by pitta, the urine presents with the below mentioned features –

–        urine is non-slimy,

–        yellow and dry,

–        urination is accompanied with burning sensation and

–        the urine is yellow in colour resembling powder of ox gall

Kaphaja mutraukasāda

शुष्कं भवति यच्चापि शङ्खचूर्णप्रपाण्डुरम् |
मूत्रौकसादं तं विद्यादामयं द्वादशं कफात् ||२६||

The twelfth disease should be understood and diagnosed as Mutraukasada produced by Kapha. Below mentioned are its features –

–        urine is dry and thick and

–        is white in colour,

–        eliminated with difficulty,

–        becomes dry and resembles conch powder or

–        becomes very white 

Cikitsā- treatment

कषायकल्कसर्पींषि भक्ष्यान् लेहान् पयांसि च |
क्षारमद्या(ध्वा)सवस्वेदान् बस्तींश्चोत्तरसञ्ज्ञितान् ||२७||
विदध्यान्मतिमांस्तत्र विधिं चाश्मरिनाशनम् |
मूत्रोदावर्तयोगांश्च कार्त्स्न्येनात्र प्रयोजयेत् ||२८||

An intelligent physician should treat the patient with the below mentioned –

–        decoctions,

–        pastes,

–        medicated ghee,

–        snacks,

–        confections,

–        medicated milks,

–        alkalis,

–        wines,

–        fermented infusions,

–        sudation and

–        enema given in the bladder – uttara basti and

–        treatments which especially destroy urinary calculus

Similarly, medicinal formulae indicated for uidävarta caused by urine (chap. 55/21-26) can be used.

कल्कमेर्वारुबीजानामक्षमात्रं ससैन्धवम् |
धान्याम्लयुक्तं पीत्वैव मूत्रकृच्छ्रात् प्रमुच्यते ||२९||

One aksa (10gm) of paste of seeds of Ervaru should be consumed, added with saindhava lavana. It should be taken along with dhanyamla – fermented gruel. This recipe cures dysuria.

सुरां सौवर्चलवतीं मूत्रकृच्छ्री पिबेन्नरः |
मधु मांसोपदंशं वा पिबेद्वाऽप्यथ गौडिकम् ||३०||

Below mentioned may be consumed by the patients suffering from dysuria –

–        sura – beer added with sauvarcala or

–        eatables prepared from meat, added with honey or

–        wine prepared from guda – jaggery

पिबेत् कुङ्कुमकर्षं वा मधूदकसमायुतम् |
रात्रिपर्युषितं प्रातस्तथा सुखमवाप्नुयात् ||३१||

One karsa (10gm) of Kumkuma is mixed with honey water and kept overnight. This should be consumed in the next morning. It bestows happiness.

दाडिमाम्लां युतां मुख्यामेलाजीरकनागरैः |
पीत्वा सुरां सलवणां मूत्रकृच्छ्रात् प्रमुच्यते ||३२||

The patient would get relieved of dysuria when he consumes the below mentioned formulae –

–        juice of dadima added with powder of ela, jiraka and nagara or

–        sura – beer – added with saindhava lavana

पृथक्पर्ण्यादिवर्गस्य मूलं गोक्षुरकस्य च |
अर्धप्रस्थेन तोयस्य पचेत् क्षीरचतुर्गुणम् ||३३||
क्षीरावशिष्टं तच्छीतं सिताक्षौद्रयुतं पिबेत् |
नरो मारुतपित्तोत्थमूत्राघातनिवारणम् ||३४||

Herbs belonging to the Prthakparnyadi Varga (Vidarigandhadi Gana) group should be taken without including Nagara and roots of Goksura. They should all be boiled in half prastha (320 ml) of water and four times the quantity of milk. It should be reduced to the quantity of milk (boiled until all water evaporates and only milk remains). Once the preparation gets cooled, sugar and honey should be added to it, mixed properly and consumed. This relieves Mutraghata produced by vata and pitta.

निष्पीड्य वाससा सम्यग्वर्चो रासभवाजिनोः |
रसस्य कुडवं तस्य पिबेन्मूत्ररुजापहम् ||३५||

Juice of fresh dung of donkey or horse should be obtained by squeezing the fresh dung through the cloth. Disorders of urination will be relieved on consuming one kudava (160ml) of this juice.

मुस्ताभयादेवदारुमूर्वाणां मधुकस्य च |
पिबेदक्षसमं कल्कं मूत्रदोषनिवारणम् ||३६||

Paste of the below mentioned ingredients should be prepared –

–        Musta,

–        Abhaya,

–        Devadaru,

–        Murva and

–        Madhuka

This paste should be consumed in one aksa (10gm) quantity. It cures disorders of urine.

अभयामलकाक्षाणां कल्कं बदरसम्मितम् |
अम्भसाऽलवणोपेतं पिबेन्मूत्ररुजापहम् ||३७||

Paste of the below mentioned ingredients should be prepared –

–        Abhaya,

–        Amalaka and

–        Aksa (Vibhitaka)

One Badara (5gm) quantity of this paste should be added with saindhava lavana and consumed, along with water. This recipe cures disorders of urine.

उदुम्बरसमं कल्कं द्राक्षाया जलसंयुतम् |
पिबेत् पर्युषितं रात्रौ शीतं मूत्ररुजापहम् ||३८||

Paste of Draksa should be taken in a quantity equal to one udumbara (10 gm) and kept soaked in water at night. Diseases of urine will be cured when this water is consumed cold in the next morning.

निदिग्धिकायाः स्वरसं पिबेत् कुडवसम्मितम् |
मूत्रदोषहरं कल्यमथवा क्षौद्रसंयुतम् ||३९||
प्रपीड्यामलकानां तु रसं कुडवसम्मितम् |
पीत्वाऽगदी भवेज्जन्तुर्मूत्रदोषरुजातुरः ||४०||
धात्रीफलरसेनैवं सूक्ष्मैलां वा पिबेन्नरः |४१|

One kudava (160 ml) quantity of juice of Nidigdhika consumed in the morning cures urinary disorders.

One kudava of Amalaka juice added with honey may be consumed.

The person would get cured of urinary diseases by consuming these recipes.

Similarly, Dhatriphala juice added with Suksma Ela may be consumed.

पिष्ट्वाऽथवा सुशीतेन शालितण्डुलवारिणा ||४१||
तालस्य तरुणं मूलं त्रपुसस्य रसं तथा |
श्वेतं कर्कटकं चैव प्रातस्तु पयसा पिबेत् ||४२||

Young roots of Tala should be macerated in one of the below mentioned –

–        rice wash or

–        juice of trapusa or

–        juice of sveta karkataka (trapusa)

This may be consumed with milk in the morning.

शृतं वा मधुरैः क्षीरं सर्पिर्मिश्रं पिबेन्नरः |
मूत्रदोषविशुद्ध्यर्थं तथैवाश्मरिनाशनम् ||४३||

Milk should be boiled and processed with ghee and herbs having a sweet taste. When consumed, this recipe would cure disorders of urine and urinary calculus.

बलाश्वदंष्ट्राक्रौञ्चास्थिकोकिलाक्षकतण्डुलान् |
शतपर्वकमूलं च देवदारु सचित्रकम् ||४४||
अक्षबीजं च सुरया कल्कीकृत्य पिबेन्नरः |
मूत्रदोषविशुद्ध्यर्थं तथैवाश्मरिनाशनम् ||४५||

Below mentioned ingredients are ground in sura – beer and their paste is prepared –

–        Bala,

–        Svadamstra,

–        Bones of Kaunca bird – heron,

–        Kokilaksa,

–        Root of Sataparvaka,

–        Devadaru,

–        Citraka and

–        Seeds of Aksa

When consumed, this paste cures diseases of urine and also urinary calculus.

पाटलाक्षारमाहृत्य सप्तकृत्वः परिस्रुतम् |
पिबेन्मूत्रविकारघ्नं संसृष्टं तैलमात्रया ||४६||

The ash of Palasa is filtered seven times. Little quantity of oil is added to this filtered ash and consumed. It cures diseases of the urine.

नलाश्मभेददर्भेक्षुत्रपुसैर्वारुबीजकान् |
क्षीरे परिशृतान् तत्र पिबेत् सर्पिःसमायुतान् ||४७||

Below mentioned ingredients are boiled in milk –

–        Nala,

–        Asmabheda,

–        Darbha,

–        Ikshu and

–        Seeds of Trapusa,

–        Eravaru and

–        Bijaka

This milk should be consumed, added with ghee.

पाटल्या यावशूकाच्च पारिभद्रात्तिलादापि |
क्षारोदकेन मतिमान् त्वगेलोषणचूर्णकम् ||४८||
पिबेद्गुडेन मिश्रं वा लिह्याल्लेहान् पृथक् पृथक् |४९|

Below mentioned ingredients are mixed in water and solution is prepared –

–        Ash of Patala,

–        Yavasuka – bristles of barley,

–        Paribhadra and

–        Tila

This solution is filtered.

Powder of tvak, ela and usana should be added to the water obtained from the above said preparation and consumed.

Alternatively, confection prepared with each herb (mentioned above) separately should be consumed mixed with jaggery.

अत ऊर्ध्वं प्रवक्ष्यामि मूत्रदोषे क्रमं हितम् ||४९||
स्नेहस्वेदोपपन्नानां हितं तेषु विरेचनम् |
ततः संशुद्धदेहानां हिताश्चोत्तरबस्तयः ||५०||

After this, the procedure of treatment of urinary disorders shall be described by me.

Below mentioned treatments are beneficial –

–        Snehana – oleation,

–        Sveda – sudation followed by

–        Virecana – purgation and after the patient is properly purified by these therapies,

–        Uttara Basti – enema given into the urinary bladder – should be administered

स्त्त्रीणामतिप्रसङ्गेन शोणितं यस्य दृश्यते |
मैथुनोपरमस्तस्य बृंहणश्च विधिः स्मृतः ||५१||

Due to excessive indulgence in copulation if urine mixed with blood is coming out, the patient should avoid copulation and resort to taking stoutening therapies.

ताम्रचूडवसा तैलं हितं चोत्तरबस्तिषु |
विधानं तस्य पूर्वं हि व्यासतः परिकीर्तितम् ||५२||

For enema – vasa i.e. muscle fat of cock mixed with oil is beneficial. This should be given in the form of uttra basti i.e. into the urinary bladder. The procedure described previously in chikitsa sthana section chapter 37 shall be followed.

Kshaudrädi sarpi / ghrta

क्षौद्रार्धपात्रं दत्त्वा च पात्रं तु क्षीरसर्पिषः |
शर्करायाश्च चूर्णं च द्राक्षाचूर्णं च तत्समम् ||५३||
स्वयङ्गुप्ताफलं चैव तथैवेक्षुरकस्य च |
पिप्पलीचूर्णसंयुक्तमर्धभागं प्रकल्पयेत् ||५४||
तदैकध्यं समानीय खजेनाभिप्रमन्थयेत् |
ततः पाणितलं चूर्णं लीढ्वा क्षीरं ततः पिबेत् ||५५||
एतत् सर्पिः प्रयुञ्जानः शुद्धदेहो नरः सदा |
मूत्रदोषाञ्जयेत् सर्वानन्ययोगैः सुदुर्जयान् ||५६||
जयेच्छोणितदोषांश्च वन्ध्या गर्भं लभेत च |
नारी चैतत् प्रयुञ्जाना योनिदोषात् प्रमुच्यते ||५७||

Ingredients –

–        Ksaudra – honey – half patra (1.28 kg)

–        Ksira Sarpi – ghee prepared from milk – one patra (2.56 kg) and

–        Equal quantity of powder of sugar and draksa, powders of Svayamgupta, Iksuraka and Pippali together – half patra (1.28 kg)

All these are mixed together and churned well with the help of a churner.

Dose – One panitala (10 gm) of this recipe should be consumed. Later, the person should drink milk.

Benefits –

–        The person would become purified when he consumes this ghee.

–        It cures all diseases of urine which are incurable by other medicines and formulae.

–        It also cures diseases of blood.

–        It bestows children to barren women and cures diseases of vagina and uterus in women

Baladi ghṛta

बला कोलास्थि मधुकं श्वदंष्ट्राऽथ शतावरी |
मृणालं च कशेरुश्च बीजानीक्षुरकस्य च ||५८||
सहस्रवीर्यांऽशुमती पयस्या सह कालया |
शृगालविन्नाऽतिबला बृंहणीयो गणस्तथा ||५९||
एतानि समभागानि मतिमान् सह साधयेत् |
चतुर्गुणेन पयसा गुडस्य तुलया सह ||६०||
द्रोणावशिष्टं तत् पूतं पचेत्तेन घृताढकम् |
तत् सिद्धं कलशे स्थाप्यं क्षौद्रप्रस्थेन संयुतम् ||६१||
सर्पिरेतत् प्रयुञ्जानो मूत्रदोषात् प्रमुच्यते |

Below mentioned ingredients are taken in equal quantities –

–        Bala,

–        Seed of Kola,

–        Mmadhuka,

–        Svadamstra,

–        Satavari,

–        Kaseru,

–        Seeds of Iksuraka,

–        Sahasravirya (Durva),

–        Amsumati,

–        Payasya,

–        Saha,

–        Kalanusariva,

–        Srgalavinna,

–        Atibala and

–        Herbs belonging to Brmhaniya Gana group

They are boiled in four times the quantity of water and reduced to one fourth quantity so as to prepare their decoction.

To this decoction, one tula (4kg) jaggery and then filtered.

To this, one adhaka (2.56kg) ghee is added and cooked properly so as to prepare medicated ghee.

Once the preparation gets cooled, one prastha (640 gm) of honey is added and preserved in a jar.

Benefits – The patient gets cured of urinary disorders by consuming this ghee.

तुगाक्षीर्याश्च चूर्णानि शर्करायास्तथैव च ||६२||
क्षौद्रेण तुल्यान्यालोड्य प्रशस्तेऽहनि लेहयेत् |
तस्य खादेद्यथाशक्ति मात्रां क्षीरं ततः पिबेत् ||६३||
शुक्रदोषाञ्जयेन्मर्त्यः प्राश्य सम्यक् सुयन्त्रितः |
व्यवायक्षीणरेतास्तु सद्यः संलभते सुखम् ||६४||
ओजस्वी बलवान्मर्त्यः पिबन्नेव च हृष्यति |६५|

A confection is prepared with equal quantities of powders of tugaksiri, sugar and honey, on an auspicious day.

This recipe should be consumed in a dose which is suitable to one’s strength. After eating this, he should drink milk and remain in self control towards foods and activities.

Benefits – Consumed in the mentioned way, the person would get cured of disorders of semen. Persons who are depleted of semen due to copulation would immediately obtain comfort. One who consumes this recipe would become valiant, strong and happy.

Chitrakadi / Mahabalādi ghṛta

चित्रकः सारिवा चैव बला कालानुसारिवा ||६५||
द्राक्षा विशाला पिप्पल्यस्तथा चित्रफला भवेत् |
तथैव मधुकं पथ्यां दद्यादामलकानि च ||६६||
घृताढकं पचेदेभिः कल्कैः कर्षसमन्वितैः |
क्षीरद्रोणे जलद्रोणे तत्सिद्धमवतारयेत् ||६७||
शीतं परिस्रुतं चैव शर्कराप्रस्थसंयुतम् |
तुगाक्षीर्याश्च तत् सर्वं मतिमान् परिमिश्रयेत् ||६८||
ततो मितं पिबेत्काले यथादोषं यथाबलम् |
वातरेताः श्लेष्मरेताः पित्तरेतास्तु यो भवेत् ||६९||
रक्तरेता ग्रन्थिरेताः पिबेदिच्छन्नरोगताम् |
जीवनीयं च वृष्यं च सर्पिरेतद्बलावहम् ||७०||
प्रज्ञाहितं च धन्यं च सर्वरोगापहं शिवम् |
सर्पिरेतत् प्रयुञ्जाना स्त्री गर्भं लभतेऽचिरात् ||७१||
असृग्दोषाञ्जयेच्चापि योनिदोषांश्च संहतान् |
मूत्रदोषेषु सर्वेषु कुर्यादेतच्चिकित्सितम् ||७२||

Paste of equal quantities of the below mentioned ingredients is prepared –

–        Citraka,

–        Sariva,

–        Bala,

–        Kalanusariva,

–        Draksa,

–        Visala,

–        Pippali,

–        Citraphala (Indravaruni),

–        Madhuka,

–        Pathya and

–        Amalaka

To one aksa (10 gm) of this paste, one adhaka (2.56 kg) ghee, one drona (10.24 kg) of milk and one drona of water is added. All these are cooked together so as to prepare their medicated ghee.

After the preparation is cooled, one prastha (640 gm) each of sugar and tugaksiri is added and mixed in it and preserved.

The dose and time of intake of this recipe should be suitable to the doshas.

This recipe cures the disorders caused due to vitiation of semen by vata, kapha, pitta, rakta and granthi.

Other benefits – This recipe is –

–        enlivening,

–        aphrodisiac,

–        strengthening,

–        good for intellect,

–        auspicious,

–        cures all the diseases and

–        benevolent

By using this ghee, women would quickly become pregnant. It would also cure the disorders of menstruation and vagina. This is also the best remedy for all kinds of urinary disorders.

इति श्री सुश्रुतसंहितायामुत्तरतन्त्रान्तर्गते कायचिकित्सातन्त्रे मूत्राघातप्रतिषेधो नाम (विंशोऽध्यायः, आदितः) अष्टपञ्चाशत्तमोऽध्यायः।।५८।।

Thus ends the fifty-eight chapter by name Müträghäta Pratişedha in Uttara  Sthana of Susruta Samhita.