AIAPGET Points
- Tridoshas, Saptadhatus, Purisha and Mutra are said to be ‘Deha Sandharana’ when they are normal and balanced by Sushruta Acharya.
- Purusha is made up of sixteen Kalas.
- The Pranas like Agni, Soma etc. are eleven in number.
- Number of diseases – 1,120.
- Number of Dravyas – 573.
- Doshas are of 62 combinations according to Acharya Sushruta (Su.Ut.66/9).
- Two dosha aggravation / Dwandwa – is of 9 types.
- Three dosha aggravation / Sannipata – is of 13 types.
- Two dosha decrease – is of 9 types.
- Three dosha decrease – is of 13 types.
For More AIAPGET Points from this chapter and also for content and preparation, please join our SARATHI Program.
The 66th chapter of Uttaratantra of Sushruta Samhita is named as Doşabhedavikalpa Adhyāya. This chapter deals with Categories of Dosas.
अथातो दोषभेदविकल्पमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१||
यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ||२||
We will now expound Dosabheda Vikalpa – categories of combinations of doṣhās; as revealed by the venerable Dhanvantari.
अष्टाङ्गवेदविद्वांसं दिवोदासं महौजसम् |
छिन्नशस्त्रार्थसन्देहं सूक्ष्मागाधागमोदधिम् ||३||
विश्वामित्रसुतः श्रीमान् सुश्रुतः परिपृच्छति |
द्विषष्टिर्दोषभेदा ये पुरस्तात्परिकीर्तिताः ||४||
कति तत्रैकशो ज्ञेया द्विशो वाऽप्यथवा त्रिशः |५|
Divodasa, the teacher of Sushruta was endowed with below mentioned qualities –
– Learned in all the eight branches of Ayurveda
– Immense brilliance
– Radiance,
– Had precise knowledge of the science, the texts comprising the explanation of each aspect and subject of the science and vast ocean of scriptures without any doubt
Suśruta, son of Viśvāmitra was a student of Divodasa Dhanwantari.
Sushruta requested Lord Divodasa with the following questions. He asked – ‘your kind self has previously mentioned the sixty-two kinds of combinations of doshas. Which out of these should be understood in the combination of ones, twos or threes? Please explain.’
तस्य तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा संशयच्छिन्महातपाः ||५||
प्रीतात्मा नृपशार्दूलः सुश्रुतायाह तत्त्वतः |६|
Divodasa, who was considered as the lion among the kings and the one who dispels doubts and a person of affectionate mind, on hearing Sushruta’s questions, explains as below mentioned.
त्रयो दोषा धातवश्च पुरीषं मूत्रमेव च ||६||
देहं सन्धारयन्त्येते ह्यव्यापन्ना रसैर्हितैः |७|
Below mentioned are said to do the ‘deha sandharana’ i.e. support and protect the body when they are normal and balanced –
– Three Doshas
– Seven Dhatus
– Purisha – faeces
– Mutra – urine
Number of Purusha, Prana, Roga, Dravya etc. (7-8)
पुरुषः षोडशकलः प्राणाश्चैकादशैव ये ||७||
रोगाणां तु सहस्रं यच्छतं विंशतिरेव च |
शतं च पञ्च द्रव्याणां त्रिसप्तत्यधिकोत्तरम् ||८||
व्यासतः कीर्तितं तद्धि… |९|
Purusha is said to be made up of sixteen kalas. Agni, Soma etc Pranas are eleven. The number of diseases are eleven hundred and twenty (one thousand, one hundred and twenty) and Dravyas are five hundred and seventy three in number. All these are elaborated in this shastra (Sushruta Tantra / Samhita).
The three qualities i.e. Sattva, Rajas and Tamas have also been explained in connection with the (three) different Doshas (vata, pitta and kapha) which are generally said to be of sixty two combinations. (9)
Combinations of Doshas are of sixty two kinds
… भिन्ना दोषास्त्रयो गुणाः |
द्विषष्टिधा भवन्त्येते भूयिष्ठमिति निश्चयः ||९||
त्रय एव पृथक् दोषा द्विशो नव समाधिकैः |
त्रयोदशाधिकैकद्विसममध्योल्बणैस्त्रिशः ||१०||
पञ्चाशदेवं तु सह भवन्ति क्षयमागतैः |
क्षीणमध्याधिकक्षीणक्षीणवृद्धैस्तथाऽपरैः ||११||
द्वादशैवं समाख्यातास्त्रयो दोषा द्विषष्टिधा |१२|
Individual doshas (single dosha vitiation) i.e. doshas which have aggravated individually are three in number (Here one of the doshas is aggravated and the other two are in their normal state).
Doshas getting aggravated in twos are nine in number (Here two among the three doshas are aggravated, whether equally or unequally but the third dosha is in its normal state).
The number of combinations would be thirteen if they are taken three at a time – all of them aggravated, both equally and unequally. Thus combining all the above said types, we would get twenty five types in all with the aggravated doshas.
With an equal number of combinations in cases of the diminution of doshas (taken one, two or three at a time as explained in the dosha aggravation) we will have fifty combinations.
The number of combinations (taken one, two and three at a time) with the aggravated and diminished doshas mixed together would be twelve in number only (with decrease, medium and increase of the increase and decrease of doshas they become twelve). Thus we get sixty two combinations in all.
मिश्रा धातुमलैर्दोषा यान्त्यसङ्ख्येयतां पुनः ||१२||
तस्मात् प्रसङ्गं संयम्य दोषभेदविकल्पनैः |
रोगं विदित्वोपचरेद्रसभेदैर्यथैरितैः ||१३||
When the doshas combine with the dhatus and malas, innumerable forms of combinations are formed. Therefore, the dosha combinations may be considered as relevant to the context.
The diseases are diagnosed and treated with rasa bheda i.e. drugs having various tastes, either separately or in combination.
भिषक् कर्ताऽथ करणं रसा दोषास्तु कारणम् |
कार्यमारोग्यमेवैकमनारोग्यमतोऽन्यथा ||१४||
The below mentioned four, when functioning together would lead to comprehensive health –
– Bhishak – the physician is considered to be Karta – the performer of treatment
– Rasas – the tastes or drugs which have tastes are considered as Karana – means for treatment
– Doshas – are regarded as kaarana – the causes of the disease
– Arogya – state of health is considered as Karya – functions or action / result of treatment
If they do not operate together, they will lead to ill-health.
Grantha samāpti- epilogue of the text
अध्यायानां तु षट्षष्ट्या ग्रथितार्थपदक्रमम् |
एवमेतदशेषेण तन्त्रमुत्तरमृद्धिमत् ||१५||
स्पष्टगूढार्थविज्ञानमगाढमन्दचेतसाम् |
यथाविधि यथाप्रश्नं भवतां परिकीर्तितम् ||१६||
Uttara Tantra is formed when these sixty-six chapters of the section are arranged in proper order. This helps in clear understanding of the hidden meanings for people of having poor mental (understanding) capacity. This will also help in understanding the wide scope of the subjects. It is easy to understand the concepts clearly and easily because they are documented in the form of replies given by Acharya Divodasa to the questions placed in proper order by Master Sushruta.
सहोत्तरं त्वेतदधीत्य सर्वं ब्राह्मं विधानेन यथोदितेन |
न हीयतेऽर्थान्मनसोऽभ्युपेतादेतद्वचो ब्राह्ममतीव सत्यम् ||१७||
The person who studies Sushruta Samhita treatise along with Uttara Tantra section, in accordance with the procedure advised by Lord Brahma will definitely understand the correct meaning of the text and will never falter in doing so. These sayings of Lord Brahma are very true.
इति श्री सुश्रुतसंहितायामुत्तरतन्त्रे दोषभेदविकल्पो नाम षषष्टितमोऽध्यायः ||६६||
Thus ends the Sixty Sixth chapter by name Doşbhedavikalpa in Uttara Sthana of Susruta Samhita.
Thus ends Uttara sthana of Suśrutasamhita.
Thus ends Susruta Samhita composed by the great sage Susruta, son of sage Visvamitra and disciple of Käsiraja Divodāsa Dhañvañtari.
